Possible exceptions however could be for specific events where preventative measures have been employed, before an incident takes place that may mitigate the effects of a developing hazard (e.g. There is little that can be done to control or modify any of these factors. Non-modifiable factors may include the time of the incident, the type of incident, the severity of the incident. Non- modifiable and modifiable event specific factorsįor any evacuation there are several non-modifiable and modifiable event specific factors directly related to the incident, the reaction of the population and the performance of that population, that determine the eventual evacuation performance and efficiency. The * denotes the actions of an individual that starts evacuating on their own initiative, their actions may be similar to those individuals that start evacuating once they are prompted to do so by the alarm or warning. EXODUS is an Agent Based Model (ABM) that attempts to simulate the evacuation process from a closed structure or a large open area taking into account individual’s characteristics, the layout of the evacuation area and the environmental conditions that may affect the population.ĭetails of the evacuation process. The events and stages described can be represented in the state-of-the-art EXODUS evacuation model. The diagram depicts the process of a large scale evacuation from the evacuees’ perspective. The figure below is an attempt to capture the main elements of the evacuation process from the time that an incident starts up to the end of the evacuation and the post-evacuation process. Some phases or stages are distinct and sequential while others may overlap. This complexity is evident across multiple scales, from incidents involving a single building to a full scale city or area. The evacuation process is typically complex and involves a number of agencies, several stages and a combination of factors which can influence its efficiency and the evacuees’ safety. The extent to which an area needs to be evacuated depends directly on the type of event, the severity of the incident, the spread of the hazard. When people’s well-being is at imminent risk it is common practice to attempt the evacuation of the affected area and move those that are, or may be, affected to safety. Hazardous incidents can include events such as wildfires, floods, earthquakes, chemical spills. When a natural or man-made disaster strikes it can have an adverse effect on people’s well-being, property and the environment.
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